Note: The middle pharyngeal constrictor m. Glossopharyngeal part (posterolateral tongue). Mylopharyngeal part (posterior portion of mylohyoid line of the mandible), and the Pterygopharyngeal part (pterygoid hamulus & occasionally the posterior aspect of the medial pterygoid plate),īuccopharyngeal part (pterygomandibular raphe), The four distinct parts (and their anterior attachments) include the: consists of four parts, each arising from a distinct location (associated by name), and coalescing posteriorly to the superior portion of the pharyngeal raphe. Note: The superior pharyngeal constrictor m. to the superior pharyngeal constrictor m. The pterygomandibular raphe connects the buccinator m. A condensed band of the buccopharyngeal fascia that extends from the pterygoid hamulus to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible is the pterygomandibular raphe. The buccopharyngeal fascia (the superficial investing/epimysial layer of the external pharyngeal mm.) consists of a thickened epimysium of the superior pharyngeal constrictor that extends anteriorly from the pharyngeal raphe to the superficial surface of the buccinator m. The pharyngobasilar fascia is closely associated with the pharyngeal raphe at the pharyngeal tubercle. from the basilar part of the occipital bone and the adjacent temporal bone. The pharyngobasilar fascia (the deep investing/epimysial layer of the external pharyngeal mm.) suspends the superior pharyngeal constrictor m. Hyoglossus lingual artery middle constrictor stylohyoid triticeal cartilage.Note: The pharynx is supported by two associated bodies of fascia: pharyngobasilar fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia. The fiber arrangement suggested that, besides constriction of the pharynx, the ascending and descending fibers of the middle constrictor can act as an elevator muscle, and the irregular attachments could affect the functions of the muscles and vessels. The ascending and descending fibers rarely reached the top of the pharynx and the thyroid cartilage, respectively. The three groups were inserted into the pharyngeal raphe, and the descending fibers joined the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles. Some fibers attached to the hyoglossus, occasionally to the stylohyoid and the posterior belly of the digastric, but seldom to the lingual artery and the triticeal cartilage in the thyrohyoid ligament. The posteroinferior group fanned out from the posterior part of the greater horn, while the middle constrictor arose internally to the hyoglossus some fibers often passed externally, and their fibers sometimes intersected around the lingual artery, which ran between them. The middle group ascended posterosuperiorly from the greater horn and fanned out. The anterosuperior group ascended posterosuperiorly from the ligament and the lesser horn and fanned out. The middle constrictor arose from the stylohyoid ligament and the hyoid bone, and its fibers were divided into three overlapping groups. The gross anatomies of the pharyngeal and neighboring muscles were examined in 41 cadavers. This study investigated the attachments of the middle constrictor to clarify its configuration and re-examine its functions. Such arrangements make the interrelationships among pharyngeal muscles complicated. The pharyngeal muscles overlap each other and some of their parts have different areas of origin.
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